一、定义：动词除在句子中作谓语以外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等，这就是动词的非谓语动词。可分为三种：动词不定式、分词和动名词。
1.动词不定式：to + 动词原形(在某些情况下可以不带to)。(没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语，可以有时态和语态的变化)
（1）一般式：主动语态：to do，被动语态：to be + 动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)
（2）进行式：主动语态：to be doing，被动语态：无 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)
（3）完成式：主动语态：to have +动词过去分词，被动语态：to have been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)
（4）用法：
A. 作主语：To learn a foreign language is not easy. = It's not easy to learn a foreign language.
B. 作表语：The most important thing is to finish the work on time.
C. 作宾语：
a. 动词+to do
He decided to buy a new watch.(agree,choose,want,hope,like,wish,learn,love, plan, try,start,afford …)
b. 动词+疑问词+to do
I don't know where to put the bike .
c. 动词+形式宾语(it)+宾补+to do
I find it important to learn a second foreign language .
D. 作补语：
a. 动词+宾语+to do
Tom asked me to show him the new shoes. (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow, encourage…)
b. 动词+宾语+不带to的动词
He often saw Tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let…)
E. 作状语：
a. 表示目的：He went to Guangzhou to see his sons . He got up early in order to catch the first bus .
b. 表示结果：He is too tired to walk any farther . They aren't old enough to go to school .
c. 表示原因：He is sorry to hear that . I am glad to see you .
F.作定语： I have something to tell you . I want to buy something to eat .
（5）动词不定式to 的省略：
A. 在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役动词have, let, make等后面要省to，但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。
I often saw him go out of the room .
He was often seen to go out of the room by me .
B.在had better, would rather, do nothing but等后面常省to。
（6）动词不定式的否定形式：not + to do，有时也可以用never + to do 结构。
2.动名词：动词原形+ing。具有名词、动词一些特征。
（1）一般式：主动语态：doing，被动语态：being + 动词过去分词(表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)
（2）完成式：主动语态：having +动词过去分词，被动语态：having been +动词过去分词（表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生）
Children enjoy watching animated cartoon .
I don't remember having ever seen the film .
（3）动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词(v-ing)
I regret not being able to help you .
（4）用法：
A. 作主语：
a. 动名词作主语如果太长，可以用形式主语it代替。
Learning English is very important .
It's very important to learn English .
b. No + 动名词表示“禁止”。
No smoking, No parking .
B. 作宾语：He finished doing his homework .
C. 作表语：His favourite sport is playing basketball .
D. 作定语：shopping basket, finishing line . (表明名词的用途、功能等)
E. 动名词的复合结构：名词所有格、形容词物主代词+动名词。
Do you mind my / Wei Fang's opening the window ?
3.分词：动词原形+ing。具有形容词、副词和动词一些特征。(可分为现在分词、过去分词)
现在分词
（1）一般式：主动语态：doing，被动语态：being + 动词过去分词（表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生）
（2）完成式：主动语态：having +动词过去分词，被动语态：having been +动词过去分词（表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生）
（3）动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词(v.-ing)
No understanding the meaning of the words, he couldn't explain the sentence .
（4）用法：
A. 作表语。The result is surprising .
B. 作定语。developing country (主谓关系) sleeping boy (boy 所做的动作)
C. 作状语。Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano . = When he was passing by the house , he saw a girl playing the piano .
D. 作宾补。I found him lying on the grass.
过去分词
（1）形式：规则动词+ed，和不规则动词的过去分词。
（2）过去分词的否定形式：not + 动词过去分词。
（3）用法：
A. 作表语：My bike is broken . He is very worried .
B. 作定语：developed country, fallen leaves, spoken English .
C. 作状语：Asked why he was absent, he said he was ill . = When he was asked why he was absent, he said he was ill .
D. 作宾补：You had better have your shoes mended. I had my hair cut yesterday .
